Thirty-Six

Unit 0 · Launch Prep

Desmos Tables, Sliders & Regression

Turn data into a table, fit a model, and use sliders without losing the meaning of the numbers.

  • 29 min
  • Desmos way

Ready when you are

7 steps · about 29 minutes

Start with the warm-up.

Start

Step 1 of 7Warm-upDone

Warm-up

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Key terms

Regression
A fitted rule that estimates the relationship in paired data.
Residual
Observed output minus predicted output.
Slider
A draggable parameter used to test how a graph changes.

Step 2 of 7Try it firstDone

Try it first

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Take a shot before the lesson. Write one relationship from the stem, even if you do not finish.

Step 3 of 7LearnDone

The big idea

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See the structure

A table is a set of exact input-output pairs. In Desmos, press the plus button and choose Table, then enter inputs in the first column and outputs in the second.

Key idea

Fit first, interpret second

Write what each number measures. A correct calculation with the wrong quantity or unit still misses the question.

Build a reliable method

Use regression only when the data are meant to be modeled. Type y_1~mx_1+b; the tilde asks Desmos to estimate, while an equals sign draws an equation.

Explore in Desmos

Fit a line to measured data

Type the two lists, using the subscript key for x_1 and y_1. On line 3, type a tilde, not an equals sign. Read m and b, then say what one more x-unit predicts for y.

The calculator is live: change anything and see what happens.

Fit a line to measured data

Degree mode

Press Escape to leave the calculator (twice if a menu is open).

Loading Desmos…

Stretch to a 36

Regression parameters have units and meaning. The fitted mm is the predicted change in output for one input unit. A model can fit the data and still be unreasonable far outside the observed domain.

Trap

A fitted model is not a law

A small residual inside the data range does not justify a wild extrapolation. A temperature model fitted from 10 to 30 minutes may be useful at 25 minutes and absurd at 10,000 minutes.

Step 4 of 7Worked examplesDone

Worked examples

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Skip check · 2 questions

Already know this? Get both right on the first try and you can skip the worked examples.

Worked example

Example 1: Fit a line from a table

Problem

What linear regression fits the practice-hour and score-gain data (1,8)(1,8), (2,11)(2,11), (3,15)(3,15), (4,18)(4,18), and (5,22)(5,22), and what does its slope mean?
Press +, choose Table, and enter 1,2,3,4,51,2,3,4,5 in the x1x_1 column and 8,11,15,18,228,11,15,18,22 in the y1y_1 column.

On a new line, type y_1~mx_1+b. Which symbol tells Desmos to fit the data?

Which Desmos input or parameter claim is valid here?

Desmos reports m=3.5m=3.5 and b=4.3b=4.3, so the fitted rule is y=3.5x+4.3y=3.5x+4.3.

The slope predicts about 3.53.5 additional score points per extra practice hour.

Which statement correctly interprets or verifies the Desmos output?

Worked example

Example 2: Use a slider to meet a condition

Problem

What value of aa makes y=ax2+2y=ax^2+2 pass through (3,20)(3,20), and how can substitution verify it?
Type y=ax^2+2, choose add slider for aa, and type the point (3,20) on the next line.

Drag aa until the parabola passes through the point. What value should you test exactly?

Which Desmos input or parameter claim is valid here?

Set a=2a=2. The point lies on y=2x2+2y=2x^2+2 because 2(32)+2=202(3^2)+2=20.

The slider finds the candidate; substitution certifies it.

Which statement correctly interprets or verifies the Desmos output?

Faded example · you finish it

Example 3: You interpret the residual

Problem

For y=3.5x+4.3y=3.5x+4.3, what is observed minus predicted when the observed value at x=4x=4 is 1818?
The predicted value is 3.5(4)+4.3=18.33.5(4)+4.3=18.3.

Observed minus predicted is

The negative residual means

Desmos way

Regression and residuals

Enter both lists, then type y_1~mx_1+b. Read m=3.5m=3.5 and b=4.3b=4.3.
Type y_1-(mx_1+b) to calculate every residual. Read signs carefully: negative means the point is below the fitted line.

Regression and residuals

Degree mode

Press Escape to leave the calculator (twice if a menu is open).

Loading Desmos…

Step 5 of 7PracticeDone

Practice

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Step 6 of 7Spot the mistakeDone

Spot the mistake

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Spot the mistake

Where did it go wrong?

One line has an error. Click the line where it first goes wrong.

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Exit ticket

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Optional · 4 questions · Hardest levelChallenge set: the kind of question that decides a 36

These are last-ten-questions hard. Take your time, use Desmos when it helps, and expect to miss some: that's where the learning is.